TGF-β Regulation by Emilin1: New Links in the Etiology of Hypertension
نویسندگان
چکیده
swarming motility and synthesis of pili and holdfasts (Hinz et al., 2003; Viollier et al., 2002). As PodJ also contains a coiled-coil region (Lawler et al., 2006), perhaps PodJ interacts with TipN to establish a localization complex at the pole. Overexpression of TipN-GFP causes the formation of new poles through cell branching; these new poles are competent for flagellum assembly and localization of polar proteins (Lam et al., 2006). This phenotype is reminiscent of the phenotype obtained when the expression of the actin-like cytoskeletal protein MreB is perturbed (Gitai et al., 2004; Wagner et al., 2005), suggesting an interaction between TipN and MreB. Indeed, TipN is required for localization of MreB to the site of cell division (Lam et al., 2006), suggesting the possibility that TipN regulates asymmetry and cell division through MreB. Given that MreB coordinates the synthesis of the cell wall peptidoglycan, which is critical for the generation and maintenance of bacterial cell shape, the role of TipN in controlling polarity may ultimately be mediated through changes in the peptidoglycan. It has been proposed that the differences in peptidoglycan composition and growth at the septum could help direct proteins involved in generating polarity (reviewed in Janakiraman and Goldberg, 2004). Many different bacterial species utilize polar localization for functions as diverse as chemoreception, adhesion to surfaces, and translocation of effector proteins during pathogenesis. Determining whether proteins similar to TipN regulate polarity in these bacteria becomes of obvious interest. The discovery of TipN brings the field closer to understanding the regulation of polarity, whose importance in bacterial cell biology is becoming more obvious with the finding that many proteins localize to the bacterial cell pole. RefeRences
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Cell
دوره 124 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2006